In this second part of the series, we will explore more issues commonly found in energy storage lead-acid batteries. Understanding these problems is key to ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
4. Battery Self-Discharge
Lead-acid batteries naturally lose charge over time, even when not in use. This phenomenon, known as self-discharge, can be problematic, especially if the battery is stored for long periods without being charged. Over time, self-discharge can lead to a deeply discharged battery that may be difficult to recharge.
Solution:
Regularly recharging the battery every three months during storage can minimize the impact of self-discharge. Storing batteries in cool environments can also reduce the self-discharge rate, as higher temperatures accelerate the loss of charge.
5. Stratification
Electrolyte stratification happens when the sulfuric acid in the battery’s electrolyte settles at the bottom, leaving the top of the battery with a weaker acid concentration. This issue is more common in batteries that remain in a low-charge state for extended periods. Stratification leads to uneven charging and discharging, which can decrease the battery’s performance and shorten its lifespan.
Solution:
Regular charging and discharging cycles help prevent stratification by keeping the electrolyte mixed. Some advanced chargers are designed to stir the electrolyte through equalization charging, which helps to break down any layers of stratified acid.
6. Dry-Out
Over time, the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries can evaporate, especially in hot environments or if the battery is overcharged. When the electrolyte level drops too low, the battery plates are exposed to air, leading to sulfation and other damage. This condition is known as “dry-out.”
Solution:
Periodically check the electrolyte levels in flooded lead-acid batteries and top them off with distilled water when necessary. Avoid using tap water, as it contains minerals that can damage the battery. Sealed lead-acid batteries do not require water maintenance but should be kept in cool environments to reduce the risk of electrolyte loss.
