Irreversible sulfation in OPzV batteries is a key issue affecting performance and lifespan. This phenomenon occurs when lead sulfate crystals, which form during battery discharge, grow too large to be reconverted into lead and lead dioxide during charging. The primary causes of this irreversible sulfation include:
- Undercharging: If the battery is not fully charged regularly, small lead sulfate crystals gradually accumulate and grow, leading to irreversible damage.
- Deep Discharge: OPzV batteries subjected to frequent deep discharges or left in a discharged state for an extended period are at higher risk of sulfation. In such cases, the lead sulfate formed during discharge does not fully reconvert during charging.
- Low Operating Temperatures: Lower temperatures reduce chemical activity, making it more difficult for the sulfate to be reabsorbed during charging, resulting in the growth of larger, permanent sulfate crystals.
To mitigate these issues, proper maintenance, regular equalization charging, and avoiding long periods of undercharging or deep discharge are essential.
