Introduction
Improper charging is a leading cause of early failure in lead-acid batteries used for energy storage. Both overcharging and undercharging cause irreversible damage when left uncorrected.
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Overcharging: Causes and Consequences
Overcharging occurs when charging voltage or duration exceeds recommended limits.
Negative Effects
- Water loss and electrolyte depletion
- Accelerated positive plate corrosion
- Excessive heat generation
- Shortened service life
Undercharging: A Hidden Threat
Undercharging often goes unnoticed but causes:
- Progressive sulfation
- Poor charge acceptance
- Reduced backup time
- Long-term capacity loss
How to Set Proper Charging Parameters
- Match charger profile to battery type (AGM / GEL / OPzS / OPzV)
- Use three-stage or four-stage smart chargers
- Apply temperature compensation
- Monitor charging voltage at battery terminals
Conclusion
Correct charging control is essential for safe, efficient, and long-lasting energy storage systems.
