Lead-acid batteries should be kept away from direct sunlight for several important reasons.
- Temperature Increase: Direct sunlight significantly raises the temperature of the battery. As discussed earlier, high temperatures can lead to increased rates of chemical reactions, accelerated degradation of battery components, and a shorter lifespan.
- Electrolyte Evaporation: Exposure to high temperatures from direct sunlight can cause the water in the electrolyte to evaporate more quickly. This lowers the electrolyte level, potentially exposing the battery plates and increasing the risk of damage.
- Thermal Runaway Risk: Prolonged exposure to heat can increase the risk of thermal runaway. This condition occurs when the battery generates more heat than it can dissipate, leading to excessive temperature rise, potential melting, or even explosion and fire.
- Accelerated Corrosion: Higher temperatures promote the corrosion of the internal plates and grids. This corrosion weakens the battery’s internal structure and reduces its efficiency and lifespan.
- Increased Self-Discharge: Heat from sunlight can raise the battery’s self-discharge rate. A higher self-discharge rate means the battery will lose its charge more quickly when not in use, which can be detrimental in standby or emergency power applications.
- Deformation and Leakage: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause the battery casing to heat up and potentially deform. This can compromise the seal of the battery, leading to leaks of the electrolyte, which can be hazardous and cause damage to surrounding equipment.
- Impact on Performance: High temperatures can negatively affect the battery’s performance, leading to reduced efficiency, lower capacity, and shorter operational life.
To avoid these issues, lead-acid batteries should be stored in a cool, dry, and shaded area. Proper ventilation and temperature control measures should be in place to maintain an optimal operating environment for the batteries, thereby ensuring their longevity and reliable performance.
