Yes, battery acidification can indeed lead to capacity loss in lead-acid batteries. Battery acidification, also known as electrolyte stratification or acid stratification, occurs when the sulfuric acid electrolyte in the battery becomes unevenly distributed, with a higher concentration of acid at the bottom and lower concentration at the top.
This uneven distribution can happen due to factors such as prolonged periods of inactivity, insufficient mixing of electrolyte during charging, or operating the battery at partial states of charge for extended periods. When acidification occurs, several problems arise that can lead to capacity loss:
- Reduced Electrolyte Density: Acidification causes the electrolyte to become denser at the bottom of the battery and less dense at the top. As a result, the electrolyte’s specific gravity decreases near the top of the battery, affecting the battery’s ability to deliver its full capacity.
- Reduced Active Plate Area: The uneven distribution of electrolyte can lead to the immersion of only the bottom portion of the battery plates in the acid. This reduces the effective surface area of the plates participating in the electrochemical reactions, thereby decreasing the battery’s capacity.
- Sulfation: Acidification can promote the formation of lead sulfate crystals on the battery plates, particularly in areas where the electrolyte concentration is lower. Sulfation reduces the available surface area for electrochemical reactions and impairs the battery’s ability to store and deliver energy efficiently.
- Increased Internal Resistance: Acidification can increase the internal resistance of the battery, making it more challenging for electrical current to flow through the electrolyte and plates. This increased resistance leads to voltage drops, reduced efficiency, and diminished capacity.
Overall, battery acidification can significantly impact the performance and capacity of lead-acid batteries over time. To mitigate capacity loss due to acidification, it’s essential to follow proper charging and maintenance practices, including regular equalization charging to mix the electrolyte and prevent stratification. Additionally, maintaining appropriate electrolyte levels and avoiding prolonged periods of partial state of charge can help minimize acidification and preserve battery capacity.
